A solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule harboring thyroid carcinoma: review of the literature

Mirfakhraee, Sasan; Mathews, Dana; Peng, Lan; Woodruff, Stacey; Zigman, Jeffrey M

doi:10.1186/1756-6614-6-7

Thyroid Research

Table 2 Reported cases of biochemically-hyperthyroid patients with a reported hyperfunctioning nodule discovered to harbor thyroid carcinoma on pathological review

From: A solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule harboring thyroid carcinoma: review of the literature

#	Age	Sex	Tumor growth (cm)	High risk history ^a	Suspicious U/S ^b	Nodule size ^c(cm)	Tumor size ^d(cm)	TFTs ^e	Toxic sx?	Compression sx?	Scan type	FNA	Surgical path	Reference (1st author)
1	29	F		-	IV	2.7	2.5	SHT	+	-	¹²³I		FTC	Current case
2	43	F		-	-	6.5	5	fT₃,fT₄	+	-	Tc		Hurthle	Karanchi [23]
3	13	F		-	IV	3.5	5	TT₃	-	-	¹²³I		Hurthle	Yalla [24]
4	63	M		-	-	4		fT₄	-	-	¹²³I	Suspicion of FVPTC	FVPTC	Bommireddipalli [25]
5	68	F		-	HE	5.3		fT₃	+	+	Tc,¹²³I		FTC	Giovanella [26]
6	11	F		-	-	3.5		TT₃	-	-	¹²³I	Nonspecific	PTC	Tfayli [27]
7	47	F		-	-	2.6	3	TT₃,fT₄	+	-	¹³¹I	PTC	FVPTC	Azevedo [28]
8	36	M	1.4→1.8 in 11mo	-	HE,IV	1.8	1.5	SHT	+	-	¹³¹I	PTC	PTC	Uludag [29]
9	62	F			-		2	fT₃,fT₄	+	-	Tc	PTC	PTC	Nishida [30]
10	32	M		-	-	4.3		fT₃,fT₄	-	-	Tc	Benign	FVPTC	Kim [31]
11	64	F		-		6		TT₃	+	-	¹³¹I		FTC	Niepomniszcze [32]
12	57	F			-	6		High^f	+	-	Tc	Nondiagnostic	FTC	Bitterman [33]
13	59	F			-	5		High	+		Tc		FTC	Bitterman [33]
14	59	F		-	HE,PD,Cal	1.5	1.5	fT₃,fT₄	+	+	Tc,¹²³I	PTC	PTC	Majima [34]
15	NA	F				5	5	fT₃,fT₄	+	+	Tc		PTC	Gozu [35]
16	67	F				2.5	3	fT₄	+	-	Tc	Benign	Hurthle	Wong [36]
17	39	F	Subjective ↑		-	2		Nl→SHT	-	- → +	¹²³I		PTC	Yaturu [37]
18	36	M	2x size in 5yrs		-	2.8	2.3	SHT	-			Follicular neoplasm	FVPTC	Logani [38]
19	11	F		-	-		4	TT₃,fT₄	+	-	Tc,¹³¹I		PTC	Mircescu [39]
20	49	F				4	3.5	fT₄	+	-	¹²³I		FTC	Camacho [40]
21	47	M				3.5	3.5	fT₃	+		¹²³I	Suspicious	PTC	Bourasseau [41]
22	36	M				2.5	2.5	SHT			¹²³I	Nondiagnostic	FTC	Bourasseau [41]
23	56	M				5.5	5.5	fT₄	+		¹²³I		FTC	Bourasseau [41]
24	39	F				1	1	fT₃,fT₄	+		¹²³I	Suspicious	PTC	Bourasseau [41]
25	33	F				3	3	SHT			¹²³I	Nondiagnostic	PTC	Bourasseau [41]
26	42	F	4.5→7.4 (no interval given)	-	-	7.4		SHT	-	-	¹²³I	Benign	Hurthle	Russo [42]
27	17	F		-	HE	2.1	2.1	TT₃	-	-	Tc, ¹²³I		PTC	Cirillo [43]
28	60	F			-	5	6	TT₃	+	-	¹³¹I		Insular	Russo [44]
29	16	F		-		2		TT₄	+	-	¹²³I	Colloid	Hurthle	Siddiqui [45]
30	64	F				4		High			¹²³I		FTC	Mizukami [46]
31	25	F		-	-	4.2		TT₃,TT₄	+	+	¹³¹I		PTC/FTC	De Rosa [47]
32	72	M				2.8		TT₃,TT₄			Tc		PTC	Ikekubo [48]
33	52	M				5		TT₃			Tc		PTC	Ikekubo [48]
34	55	F				1.6		SHT			Tc		PTC	Ikekubo [48]
35	67	F		-		3	2.5	TT₃,fT₄	+	-	¹²³I	Malignant node	PTC	Sandler [49]
36	11	F		-	-	3.5		TT₃	+	-	¹²³I		FTC	Nagai [50]
37	45	F		-		3.5	3	High	+	-	¹²³I		FVPTC	Nagai [50]
38	70	F		-		4	4	fT4	-	-	¹³¹I	PTC	PTC	Fukata [51]
39	27	F		-		3		TT₄	+		¹³¹I		PTC	Sobel [52]
40	14	M				4		TT₃	+	-	¹³¹I		PTC	Sobel [52]
41	32	F		-		2.5		TT₄	+		¹³¹I		FVPTC	Sobel [52]
42	29	F		-			1	TT₄	+	-	¹³¹I		PTC	Hoving [53]
43	44	F			irregular	2.5	0.3	TT₄	+	-	¹³¹I		PTC	Khan [54]
44	15	F				2.5	2.5	TT₃	+	-	¹²³I		PTC	Hopwood [55]
45	6	F	↑ over 8mo	-		5-6x nl		High	+	-	¹³¹I		PTC/FTC	Sussman [56]
46	42	F	4→6 in 4 yrs			6	6	High		-			FTC	Dische [57]
47	71	F						fT₃,fT₄			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
48	62	M				8		fT₃			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
49	62	F				7		fT₃			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
50	71	F				4		fT₃,fT₄			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
51	69	F				6		fT₃			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
52	79	F						fT₃,fT₄			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
53	65	M				6.5		fT₃			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
54	56	M						fT₃			¹³¹I		FVPTC	Als [58]
55	75	M				5.5		fT₃			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
56	77	F				4		fT₃			¹³¹I		PTC	Als [58]
57	71	F				6		fT₃			¹³¹I		FVC	Als [58]
58	63	M				6		fT₃			¹³¹I		FVPTC	Als [58]
59	74	F				7		fT₃,fT₄			¹³¹I		FTC	Als [58]
60	68	M			HE	6		SHT	-		Tc	Follicular neoplasm	FTC	Foppiani [12]
61	38	F			HE	2.7		SHT			Tc	Hyperplastic goiter	FTC	Foppiani [12]
62	35	F		-			>1cm	High	+		¹³¹I	PTC	PTC	Sahin [13]
63	65	F		-			>1cm	High	+		¹³¹I	PTC	PTC	Sahin [13]
64	19	F				5		TT₄,TT₃					PTC	Lin [59]
65	38	F		-	-		0.3	TT₃	+		¹³¹I	no malignancy	PTC	Taneri [60]
66	44	F		-	Cal		1	TT₃	+		¹³¹I	no malignancy	PTC	Taneri [60]
67	56	F		-			0.8	High			¹³¹I		FTC	Gabriele [14]
68	21	F		-	IV		1.6	High			¹³¹I		FTC	Gabriele [14]
69	57	F		-	-		0.7	High					PTC	Vaiana [16]
70	58	F		-	-		3	High					PTC	Vaiana [16]
71	51	F		-	-		0.6	High					PTC	Vaiana [16]
72	17	F		-			1	High	+				PTC	Pacini [19]
73	65	F	Subjective ↑			5		High	+				FTC	Terzioglu [18]
74	42	F						High	+				PTC	Terzioglu [18]
75	35	F		-		2.2	0.5	High					PTC	Zanella [17]
76	70	F		-		4.1	0.5	High					PTC	Zanella [17]
77	35	M		-		5.4	0.5	High					Hurthle	Zanella [17]

Abbreviations: + = yes; - = no; Cal = microcalcifications; FNA = fine needle aspiration; FTC = follicular thyroid carcinoma; FVPTC = follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma; HE = hypoechoic; ¹²³I = Iodine-123; ¹³¹I = Iodine-131; IV = internal vascularity; LT₄ = levothyroxine; NA = not available; nl = normal; PD = poorly demarcated; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma; sx = symptoms; SHT = subclinical hyperthyroidism; fT₃ = free triiodothyronine; fT₄ = free thyroxine; TT₃ = total triiodothyronine; TT₄ = total thyroxine; ^99mTc = technetium-99m-pertechnetate; TFTs = thyroid function testing; U/S = ultrasound; XRT = external beam radiotherapy.
^a High-risk history: ionizing radiation exposure as child/adolescent, prior personal history of thyroid cancer, and family history of thyroid cancer in one or more 1st-degree relatives; as per Cooper et al. [6].
^b Suspicious ultrasound: hypoechoic, microcalcifications, increased nodular vascularity, poorly demarcated; as per Cooper et al. [6].
^c Nodule size: The largest diameter of the thyroid nodule measured by ultrasonography, or if ultrasound not available, then by palpation.
^d Tumor size: The largest diameter of the thyroid nodule measured grossly after surgical resection.
^e TFTs: Indicates which thyroid hormone values (total T3, total T4, free T₃, and/or free T₄) were elevated at time of presentation, as opposed to SHT or euthyroidism. Of note, for many of these cases, no mention of one or more of these four standard thyroid hormone values was included.
^f High: Indicates that the patient was biochemically hyperthyroid, though specific thyroid hormone levels were not given.

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ISSN: 1756-6614

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