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Table 1 Gene induction attributed to nonclassical action of TH.

From: Transcriptional regulation by nonclassical action of thyroid hormone

Gene

Proposed initial TH action

Method

Cell/tissue type

TH

TH concentration

time of TH tx

Ref.

ZAKI4α (RCAN2)

TRβ/PI3K

microarray/real time PCR/Western

primary human skin fibroblasts

T3

2 nM

24 h

[13, 9]

HIF-1α a)

TRβ/PI3K

microarray/real time PCR/Western

primary human skin fibroblasts

T3

2 nM

24 h

[28]

HIF-1α b)

αvβ3(S1)/PI3K and αvβ3(S2)/ERK1/2

RT-PCR

U-87 MG

T3 / T4

1 nM / 100 nM

24 h

[23]

PFKP

TRβ/PI3K, target gene of HIF-1α

microarray/real time PCR/Western

primary human skin fibroblasts

T3

2 nM

24 h

[28]

GLUT1

TRβ/PI3K, target gene of HIF-1α

microarray/real time PCR

primary human skin fibroblasts

T3

2 nM

24 h

[28]

MCT4

TRβ/PI3K, target gene of HIF-1α

microarray/real time PCR

primary human skin fibroblasts

T3

2 nM

24 h

[28]

STC-1

TRβ/PI3K, target gene of HIF-1α

microarray/real time PCR

primary human skin fibroblasts

T3

2 nM

24 h

[31]

MCL1

TRβ/PI3K

RT-PCR

HK2, HEK293

T3

100 nM, free

6-24h

[32]

FGF2

MAPK

RT-PCR

ECV304

T4

100 nM

6-48 h

[33]

  1. free = serumfree medium