The interrelationship between pregnancy, venous thromboembolism, and thyroid disease: a hypothesis-generating review

Table 1 Observational studies on the association between thyroid function and outcomes of venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) in non-pregnant individuals

Author	Year^a	Country	Design	Population (n)	Exposure assessment	Type of exposure	Association^b
Hyperthyroidism
Dekkers et al. [41]	2017	Denmark	Cohort	932,913	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Segna et al. [42]	2016	Schwitzerland	Cohort	561	Biochemical	Subclinical	↓
Zöller et al. [43]	2012	Sweden	Cohort	535,538	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Ramagopalan et al. [44]	2011	United Kingdom	Cohort	4,310,042	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Lin et al. [45]	2010	Taiwan	Case-cohort	53,418	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Danescu et al. [46]	2009	United States	Cohort	908,805,000	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	–
Squizzato et al. [47]	2007	Italy	Cross-sectional	150	Biochemical	Overt and subclinical	–
Hypothyroidism
Segna et al. [42]	2016	Schwitzerland	Cohort	561	Biochemical	Subclinical	–
Zöller et al. [43]	2012	Sweden	Cohort	535,538	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Ramagopalan et al. [44]	2011	United Kingdom	Cohort	4,869,188	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Danescu et al. [46]	2009	United States	Cohort	928,324,000	Hospital diagnoses	Unspecified	↑
Squizzato et al. [47]	2007	Italy	Cross-sectional	150	Biochemical	Overt and subclinical	↑
Thyroid homone levels
Lerstad et el [48].	2015	Norway	Cohort	11,962	Biochemical	TSH	↑
Debeij et al. [49]	2014	Netherlands	Case-control	5003	Biochemical	TSH and free T4	↑
Debeij et al. [50]	2012	Norway	Cohort	1991	Biochemical	TSH and free T4	↑
van Zaane et al. [51]	2009	Netherlands	Case-control	569	Biochemical	TSH, free T4, total T3	↑

Abbreviations: TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone, T4 Thyroxine, T3 Triiodothyronine
^aYear of publication
^bIndicates whether an association between the type of exposure and outcome of venous thromboembolism was observed, see text for details. ↑ higher risk, ↓ lower risk, − no association

ISSN: 1756-6614