Table 3 Instruments for diagnosis/screening of postpartum depression

Harris et al. 1992 [21]

EPDS

HADS

HAM-D

EPDS ≥ 13

HADS ≥ 11

HAM-D ≥ 15

8,12,20, and 28 weeks postpartum

Pop et al. 1993 [22]

RDC

Not applicable

Starting at 4 weeks postpartum, and at 6 week intervals until 34 weeks postpartum

Lazarus et al. 1996 [23]

Symptom questionnaire

Not Applicable

Starting at the first month of postpartum and at monthly intervals for the first year of postpartum

Kent et al. 1999 [18]

GHQ28

CIDI-A

HAM-A

HAM-D

GHQ28: caseness cutoff of 4

CIDI-A ≥ 5

HAM-A > 14

HAM-D > 17

25 weeks postpartum (Range: 20–41 weeks)

Kuijpens et al. 2001 [24]

RDC

Not applicable

4,12,20,28, 36 weeks postpartum

Ruschi et al. 2009 [19]

EPDS

EPDS > 11/12

Between 31 and 180 days postnatal

Lambrinoudaki et al. 2010 [20]

PQB

EPDS

PQB 8,2

EPDS 11

PQB: on admission and on Days 1 to 4 postpartum

EPDS: on Day 4 and 6 weeks postpartum

Albacar, et al. 2010 [17]

EPDS

EPDS > 9/10

Between 24–48 h postpartum, 8 weeks and 32 weeks postpartum

Bergink et al. 2011 [15]

SCID

Not included

4 weeks and at 9 months after delivery

Le Donne, Settineri and Benvenga 2012 [9]

EPDS

MADRS

TAS

EPDS > 12

MADRS > 15

TAS > 61

3 days postpartum

Groer and Vaughan 2013 [25]

PSS

POMS

PSS not included

POMS not included

During pregnancy and in the postpartum period during the 6 months postpartum

Sylvén et al. 2013 [26]

EPDS

EPDS ≥ 12

5 days, 6 weeks and 6 months after delivery

Pedersen et al. 2016 [29]

EPDS

STAI

MADRS

HAM-A

Not included. Searched average and maximum and minimum values

4 home visits, 2 during pregnancy (31–33 wk and 35–36 wk) and 2 postpartum (6 and 12 wk)

Wesseloo et al. 2018 [16]

EPDS

1° trimester ≥ 11

2° and 3° trimester ≥ 10

Postpartum ≥ 13

First postpartum year: 6 weeks, 8 months and 12 months postpartum

Zhang et al. 2019 [28]

EPDS

Not applicable

.Applied a linear relationship in the time

3 days and 4 weeks postpartum