Table 1 Characteristics of Included Studies

Abu Eshy, SA et al

1995

Retrospective Cohort

Saudi Arabia

No

STN, 34.7 ± 14.2 y

MNG, 37.7 ± 14.3 y

84.5% F, 15.5% M

Ajarma, Khalid Y et al

2018

Cross sectional

Jordan

No

44.3 ± 14.5 y

77.8% F, 22.2% M

Belfiore, Antonino et al

1992

Cross sectional

Italy

Yes

-

89% F, 11% M

Deandrea et al

2001

Retrospective Cohort

Italy

Yes

51 y

96.7% F, 3.3% M

Dirikoc, A et al

2017

Cross sectional

Turkey

Yes

49.09 ± 11.93 y

80% F, 20% M

Edino ST et al

2010

Cross sectional

Nigeria

No

38.8 y

-

Franklyn JA et al

1993

Prospective cohort

UK

-

-

-

Frates et al

2006

Retrospective cohort

USA

No

46.2 ± 0.9 y

87.8% F, 12.2% M

Kaliszewski, Krzysztof et al

2016

Retrospective cohort

Poland

Yes

53.0 ± 16.4 y

-

Khairy et al

2004

Cross sectional

Saudi Arabia

No

-

-

Marqusee et al

2000

Cross sectional

USA

No

46.3 y

91% F, 9% M

Matesa et al

2005

Retrospective cohort

Croatia

No

-

93% F, 7% M

Miccoli, Paolo et al

2006

Prospective cohort

Italy

Yes

49.5 y

70% F, 30% M

Nobrega et al

2007

Retrospective cohort

Brazil

No

47.9 ± 15.2 y

92% F, 8% M

Papendieck et al

2015

Prospective Cohort

Argentina

-

 < 19 y

-

Papini et al

2002

Cross sectional

Italy

Yes

47.8 ± 13.3 y

87% F, 13% M

Provenzale et al

2016

Retrospective cohort

Italy

Yes

50.1 ± 13.8 y

70% F, 30% M

Rago et al

2010

Cross sectional

Italy

Yes

M, 50 ± 17 y; F, 48 ± 23 y

81% F, 19% M

Rios et al

2018

Prospective cohort

Spain

No

51.9 ± 16.7 y

86% F, 14% M

Sachmechi et al

2000

Retrospective cohort

USA

No

52 y

92.5% F, 7.5% M

Sippel et al

2007

Retrospective cohort

USA

No

47 y

81.5% F, 18.5% M

Taneri et al

2005

Cross sectional

Turkey

Yes

47.2 y

81% F, 19% M