Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer: a worldwide systematic review of the literatures
No. | Country/Year | Study design/ Sample size | Population | Pesticide name (Type) | Exposure assessment | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Risk > 1 | Â | Â | Â |
1 | USA/2011 | Cohort/53662 | Pesticide applicators with thyroid cancer | Atrazine (OCP)a | Questionnaire/ Lifetime days | According to the exposed cases, there was a significant risk in the Q2b (RRc=4.55, 1.27-16.24) and Q4d (RR=4.84, 1.31-17.93) of intensity-weighted lifetime days. | [20] |
2 | China/2019 | Case/186 Control/186 | Patients with thyroid cancer | pentachlorobenzene, α-HCHe, HCBf, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, oxy-chlordane, cis-heptachlor epoxide, trans-heptachlor epoxide, trans-chlordane,o,p′-DDEg, cis-chlordane, endosulfan I, trans-nonachlor, dieldrin, p,p′-DDE, o,p′-DDDh, endrin, endosulfan II, cis-nonachlor,p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDTi, p,p′-DDT, Mirex (OCP) | Structured interview and serum sampling | Exposure to OCPs was significantly and positively associated with thyroid cancer in Chinese adults (ORj=1.97, 1.07−3.63). | [1] |
3 | Norway/2018 | Case/108 Control/216 | Patients with thyroid cancer | DDT metabolites (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT), Chlordane metabolite (trans-Nonachlor) (OCP) | Blood sampling | Chlordane metabolites (OR=1.78, 1.09–2.93) were positively associated with thyroid cancer. | [22] |
4 | USA/2015 | Cohort/29325 | Women pesticide applicators | Malathion (OP)k | Questionnaire | There was association between Malathion and increased risk of thyroid cancer (RRl=2.04, 1.14 -3.63). | [17] |
5 | USA/2021 | Cohort/53096 | Male pesticide applicators | Lindane and Atrazine (OCP), Carbaryl (Carbamate) | Telephone interview | Increased risk of thyroid cancer was associated with use of lindane (HRm = 1.74, 1.06–2.84). | [2] |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Risk < 1 | Â | Â | Â |
6 | USA/2021 | Case/250 Control/250 | Incident female papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cases | OCPs: HCB, β-HCH, Oxychlordane, trans-Nonachlor, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDT, Mirex | structured interview and serum sampling | OCPs were not positively associated with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). | [3] |
7 | Norway/2018 | Case/108 Control/216 | Patients with thyroid cancer | OCPs: DDT metabolites (p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT), Chlordane metabolite (trans-Nonachlor) | Blood sampling | Increasing concentration of DDT metabolites (OR=0.80, 0.66–0.98) was inversely related to the thyroid cancer. | [22] |
8 | Norway/2005 | Cohort/523121 | Patients with thyroid cancer | Mancozeb (Carbamate) | Agricultural censuses | Exposure was not associated with thyroid cancer (RR=0.87, 0.69-1.19). | [21] |
9 | USA/2021 | Cohort/53096 | Male pesticide applicators | Lindane and Atrazine (OCP), Carbaryl (Carbamate) | Telephone interview | Increased risk of thyroid cancer had an inverse association with carbaryl (HR = 0.20, 0.08–0.53). | [2] |