Articles

Medical hypothesis: can gonadotropins influence thyroid volume in women with PCOS?

It has been reported that luteinizing hormone (LH) had thyropropic effect on rat and human thyroid membrane. It has been known that patients with PCOS have elevated LH levels in comparison to healthy controls.

Authors: Evrim Cakir, Mustafa Sahin, Erman Cakal, Mustafa Ozbek and Tuncay Delibasi

The thyroid gland and the process of aging; what is new?

The endocrine system and particular endocrine organs, including the thyroid, undergo important functional changes during aging. The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age and numerous morphological...

Authors: Adam Gesing, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Safe thyroidectomy with intraoperative methylene blue spraying

We aimed to minimalize operative complications by spraying of methylene blue stain on thyroid glands and the perithyroidal area.

Authors: Serkan Sari, Erhan Aysan, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Yeliz E Ersoy, Huseyin Bektasoglu and Erkan Yardimci

Successful treatment of thyrotoxicosis is accompanied by a decrease in serum sclerostin levels

Sclerostin, a product of a SOST gene, is a protein expressed by osteocytes that inhibits osteoblastic bone formation. Several hormones, including PTH and glucocorticosteroids, have been suggested to be possible r...

Authors: Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Zbigniew Adamczewski and Andrzej Lewiński

Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with elevated cortisol in healthy young men and women

Recent attention has been given to subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevation of TSH (4.5-10 uIU/L) with T4 and T3 levels still within the normal range. Controversy exists about the proper lower limit...

Authors: Kimberly N Walter, Elizabeth J Corwin, Jan Ulbrecht, Laurence M Demers, Jeanette M Bennett, Courtney A Whetzel and Laura Cousino Klein

In contrast to matrix metalloproteinases, serum adiponectin concentrations increase after radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), together with their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), remodel extracellular matrix under physiological and pathological conditions and are implicated in pathogenesis of cardiovascula...

Authors: A Lewiński, A Brona, KC Lewandowski, E Skowrońska-Jóźwiak and A Milewicz

Case report: When measured free T₄ and free T₃ may be misleading. Interference with free thyroid hormones measurements on Roche® and Siemens® platforms

A 59-year old female patient presented with apathy and 6 kg weight gain. Investigations revealed severe primary hypothyroidism (TSH>100 μIU/ml). L-thyroxine (L-T₄) was started and titrated up to 75 μg, once daily...

Authors: Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Katarzyna Dąbrowska and Andrzej Lewiński

Association between genetic mutations and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha

Considerable progress was made by the introduction of interferon to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This treatment, however, is associated with the risk of developing or exacerbating auto...

Authors: Janina Krupińska, Waldemar Urbanowicz, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Grzegorz Kulig, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos and Anhelli Syrenicz

Postoperative use of drain in thyroid lobectomy – a randomized clinical trial conducted at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative sta...

Authors: Zahid Ali Memon, Gulrayz Ahmed, Sarah Rafi Khan, Mahvesh Khalid and Naheed Sultan

Thyroxine and cardiac electrophysiology—a forgotten physiological duo?

Thyroid hormone exerts numerous effects on the cardiovascular system. Hypothyroidism can lead to various electrocardiographic and mechanical changes in the heart and blood vessels.

Authors: James Ker

Decreased thyroid follicle size in dwarf mice may suggest the role of growth hormone signaling in thyroid growth regulation

Altered somatotrophic signaling is among the most important potential mechanisms of extended longevity. Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are homozygous for mutation at the Prop-1 gene, leading to a lack of growth hormo...

Authors: Adam Gesing, Andrzej Bartke, Michal M Masternak, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Cholestatic hepatic injury due to a thyroid storm: a case report from a resource limited setting

Thyroid storm is an endocrinological emergency caused by an exacerbation of the hyperthyroid state and is characterized by multi organ dysfunction. Liver dysfunction or injury predominantly of a cholestatic ty...

Authors: Davis Kibirige, Daniel Sekikubo Kiggundu, Richard Sanya and Edrisa Mutebi

Mediastinal neoplasms in patients with Graves disease: a possible link between sustained hyperthyroidism and thymic neoplasia?

Anterior mediastinal masses are a rare but well documented finding in Graves disease. The vast majority of these lesions represents benign thymic hypertrophy and regress after treatment of the hyperthyroidism....

Authors: Jonathan D Boyd and Ridas Juskevicius

Eye findings and immunological markers in probands and their euthyroid relatives from a single family with multiple cases of thyroid autoimmunity

Ophthalmopathy is a common manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD) occurring in up to 50% of patients. Mild eye signs are also common in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Whilst a genetic predisposition to ...

Authors: Melissa Ardley, Thomas McCorquodale, Hooshang Lahooti, Bernard Champion and Jack R Wall

Phylogenetic analysis of the human thyroglobulin regions

Thyroglobulin is a large protein present in all vertebrates. It is synthesized in the thyrocytes and exported to lumen of the thyroid follicle, where its tyrosine residues are iodinated . The iodinated thyrogl...

Authors: Abdelaziz Belkadi, Caroline Jacques, Frédérique Savagner and Yves Malthièry

Riedel's thyroiditis - a case report with genes' expression studies

Genetic background of Riedel's thyroiditis remains unknown. Herein, we describe our results of studies on genes expression levels in Riedel's thyroiditis.

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Adam Durczyński, Stanisław Sporny, Janusz Strzelczyk and Andrzej Lewiński

Gender-specific regulation of response to thyroid hormone in aging

Similar to other systems, the endocrine system is affected by aging. Thyroid hormone, the action of which is affected by many factors, has been shown to be associated with longevity. The most useful marker for...

Authors: Satoru Suzuki, Shin-ichi Nishio, Teiji Takeda and Mitsuhisa Komatsu

Remission of anorexia nervosa after thyroidectomy: A report of two cases with Graves' disease and anorexia nervosa

We report two patients with anorexia nervosa and Graves' disease who received subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease and concomitantly experienced remission from anorexia nervosa. Both were young women (ag...

Authors: Hitoshi Noguchi, Tsukasa Murakami, Shinya Uchino, Hiroto Yamashita and Shiro Noguchi

Coincidence of remission of postpartum Graves' disease and use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements

I developed Graves' Disease four months postpartum. After one year on propylthiouracil, I learned that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation associated with certain autoimmune disorders, although no inve...

Authors: Sarah J Breese McCoy

Aberrant DNA methylation of drug metabolism and transport genes in nodular goiter

The genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters play an important role in maintaining the normal life processes of human body. Their disorder or defect will lead to the occurrence and development...

Authors: Lihong Zhang, Jing Shi, Li Xu, Bingyin Shi, Peng Hou and Meiju Ji

Assessment of Japanese iodine intake based on seaweed consumption in Japan: A literature-based analysis

Japanese iodine intake from edible seaweeds is amongst the highest in the world. Predicting the type and amount of seaweed the Japanese consume is difficult due to day-to-day meal variation and dietary differe...

Authors: Theodore T Zava and David T Zava

Cytometric evaluation of intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in thyroid follicular cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases

In recent few years is underlined that altered balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of AITD.

Authors: Artur Bossowski, Jerzy Harasymczuk, Anna Moniuszko, Anna Bossowska, Maciej Hilczer and Karol Ratomski

Molecules important for thyroid hormone synthesis and action - known facts and future perspectives

Thyroid hormones are of crucial importance for the functioning of nearly every organ. Remarkably, disturbances of thyroid hormone synthesis and function are among the most common endocrine disorders affecting ...

Authors: Klaudia Brix, Dagmar Führer and Heike Biebermann

Molecular description of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism at a neonate caused by a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation

Constitutively activating germline mutations in the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene result in non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism and can be transmitted as a dominant trait or occur sporadically. These mutations a...

Authors: Heike Biebermann, Franziska Winkler, Daniela Handke, Annette Grüters, Heiko Krude and Gunnar Kleinau

Primary and secondary thyroid hormone transporters

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for the development of the human brain, growth and cellular metabolism. Investigation of TH transporters became one of the emerging fields in thyroid research after the disc...

Authors: Anita Kinne, Ralf Schülein and Gerd Krause

Transcriptional regulation by nonclassical action of thyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal development, growth and metabolism. Its effects were thought to be principally mediated through triiodothyronine (T3), acting as a ligand for the nuclear TH recepto...

Authors: Lars C Moeller and Martina Broecker-Preuss

AUF1 and HuR: possible implications of mRNA stability in thyroid function and disorders

RNA-binding proteins may regulate every aspect of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA trafficking, stability and translation of many genes. The dynamic association of these proteins with RNA defi...

Authors: Bogusz Trojanowicz, Henning Dralle and Cuong Hoang-Vu

Insights into molecular properties of the human monocarboxylate transporter 8 by combining functional with structural information

The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and transports specificly iodothyronines. MCT8 mutations are the underlying cause of a syndrome of severe X-linke...

Authors: Gunnar Kleinau, Ulrich Schweizer, Anita Kinne, Josef Köhrle, Annette Grüters, Heiko Krude and Heike Biebermann

Hypothyroidism and mood disorders: integrating novel insights from brain imaging techniques

Thyroid hormones play a critical role in brain development but also in the adult human brain by modulating metabolic activity. Hypothyroid states are associated with both functional and structural brain altera...

Authors: Maximilian Pilhatsch, Michael Marxen, Christine Winter, Michael N Smolka and Michael Bauer

Cathepsin B trafficking in thyroid carcinoma cells

The cysteine peptidase cathepsin B is important in thyroid physiology by being involved in prohormone processing initiated in the follicle lumen and completed in endo-lysosomal compartments. However, cathepsin...

Authors: Sofia Tedelind, Silvia Jordans, Henrike Resemann, Galia Blum, Matthew Bogyo, Dagmar Führer and Klaudia Brix

Pathogenic mechanisms of deregulated microRNA expression in thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system with increasing incidence. The vast majority of thyroid carcinomas derive from thyroid hormone producing follicular cells. Carcinom...

Authors: Juliane Braun and Stefan Hüttelmaier

What is hot in experimental thyroidology?

Authors: Heike Biebermann

Histological subtype is the most important determinant of survival in metastatic papillary thyroid cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) comprises the commonest type of thyroid cancer and carries the highest rate of survival. However, when metastatic disease occurs, survival is significantly affected.

Authors: Alexandra Chrisoulidou, Maria Boudina, Athanasios Tzemailas, Eleni Doumala, Pashalia K Iliadou, Frideriki Patakiouta and Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou

Validity of multiplex biomarker model of 6 genes for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Currently the cytological examination of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies is the standard technique for the pre-operative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, the results may be non-informa...

Authors: Kristine Ducena, Arturs Ābols, Janis Vilmanis, Zenons Narbuts, Juris Tārs, Diana Andrējeva, Aija Linē and Valdis Pīrāgs

Influence of dietary iodine deficiency on the thyroid gland in Slc26a4-null mutant mice

Pendred syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing impairment and variable degree of goitrous enlargement of the thyroid gland with a partial defect in iodine orga...

Authors: Tomoyuki Iwata, Tadao Yoshida, Masaaki Teranishi, Yoshiharu Murata, Yoshitaka Hayashi, Yasuhiko Kanou, Andrew J Griffith and Tsutomu Nakashima

Factors determining the persistence or recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer treated by thyroidectomy and/or radioiodine in the Boston, Massachusetts area: A retrospective chart review

To assess predictors of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) persistence/recurrence.

Authors: Angela M Leung, Shalini Dave, Stephanie L Lee, Francis X Campion, Jeffrey R Garber and Elizabeth N Pearce

Thyroid storm associated with Graves' disease covered by diabetic ketoacidosis: A case report

Thyroid storm is a condition in which multiple organ dysfunction results from failure of the compensatory mechanisms of the body owing to excessive thyroid hormone activity induced by some factors in patients ...

Authors: Erika Osada, Naoki Hiroi, Mariko Sue, Natsumi Masai, Ryo Iga, Rika Shigemitsu, Reiko Oka, Masahiko Miyagi, Kaoru Iso, Koji Kuboki and Gen Yoshino

Hypothyroidism causing paralytic ileus and acute kidney injury - case report

We present a patient with severe hypothyroidism complicated by paralytic ileus and acute kidney injury. A 65 year old male patient, diagnosed with hypothyroidism one year ago was transferred to our unit in a s...

Authors: Chaturaka Rodrigo, Champika SSSK Gamakaranage, Dhanesha S Epa, Ariaranee Gnanathasan and Senaka Rajapakse

Do IGF-I concentrations better reflect growth hormone (GH) action in children with short stature than the results of GH stimulating tests? Evidence from the simultaneous assessment of thyroid function

The diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in short children seems unquestionable when both GH peak in stimulating tests (GHST) and IGF-I concentration are decreased. However, the discrepancies betw...

Authors: Joanna Smyczyńska, Renata Stawerska, Andrzej Lewiński and Maciej Hilczer

Assessment of RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 rearrangements in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens collected from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

RET/PTC rearrangements are the most frequent molecular changes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). So far, 15 main RET/PTC rearrangements have been described, among which RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 are the most com...

Authors: Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Arkadiusz Zygmunt and Andrzej Lewiński

Increased expression of PIN1 gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (Pin1), encoded by PIN1 gene with locus in chromosome 19p13, is an enzyme that catalytically induces conformational changes in proteins after phosphorylation on serine or threo...

Authors: Andrzej Lewiński, Ewa Brzeziańska, Karolina Czarnecka, Joanna Latek, Włodzimierz Koptas and Anna Cyniak-Magierska

COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in cytological material obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)

COX-2 is an enzyme isoform that catalyses the formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid. An increased COX-2 gene expression is believed to participate in carcinogenesis. Recent studies have shown that COX-2 ...

Authors: Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Elżbieta Gałecka and Andrzej Lewiński

The natural history of interferon-α induced thyroiditis in chronic hepatitis c patients: a long term study

Autoimmune thyroid disease is a common complication of patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing combination pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin treatment. A small proportion develops interferon-induced th...

Authors: Huy A Tran, Tracey L Jones, Elizabeth A Ianna and Glenn EM Reeves

Advantages and disadvantages of 3D ultrasound of thyroid nodules including thin slice volume rendering

The purpose of this study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of 3D gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound, including thin slice volume rendering (TSVR), applied for evaluation of thyroid nodules.

Authors: Rafal Zenon Slapa, Wieslaw Stanislaw Jakubowski, Jadwiga Slowinska-Srzednicka and Kazimierz Tomasz Szopinski

Hashimoto thyroiditis is more frequent than expected when diagnosed by cytology which uncovers a pre-clinical state

Our Thyroid-Multidisciplinary Clinic is a large referral site for thyroid diseases. Thyroid biopsies are mainly performed for thyroid cancer screening. Yet, Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is being too frequently d...

Authors: Anca Staii, Sarah Mirocha, Kristina Todorova-Koteva, Simone Glinberg and Juan C Jaume

The prognostic value of tumor markers doubling times in medullary thyroid carcinoma - preliminary report

Calcitonin (Ct) and carcinoembrional antigen (CEA) are widely used as tumor markers for the post-operative follow-up of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Authors: Tomasz Gawlik, Andrea d'Amico, Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok, Aleksander Skoczylas, Elżbieta Gubała, Anna Chorąży, Kamil Gorczewski, Jan Włoch and Barbara Jarząb

Radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): prospective comparison of long-term outcomes of treatment with 30, 60 and 100 mCi

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of ¹³¹I therapy between three groups of DTC patients who received 30, 60 or 100 mCi for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy and were postoperat...

Authors: Aleksandra Kukulska, Jolanta Krajewska, Marzena Gawkowska-Suwińska, Zbigniew Puch, Ewa Paliczka-Cieslik, Jozef Roskosz, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Michał Jarzab, Elzbieta Gubała and Barbara Jarzab

Prognostic value of lymph node metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) according to the local advancement and range of surgical excision

In differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with primary tumor smaller than 1 cm, the routine central lymph node (LN) dissection is questioned, due to increased risk of post-surgery complications and lack of con...

Authors: Agnieszka Czarniecka, Michal Jarzab, Jolanta Krajewska, Ewa Chmielik, Bogna Szcześniak-Klusek, Ewa Stobiecka, Robert Kokot, Aleksander Sacher, Stanisław Poltorak and Jan Wloch

Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids - early effect

Radioiodine (¹³¹I) therapy is widely accepted as an essential part of therapeutic regimens in many cases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiation-induced oxidative damage to macromolecules is a well known phen...

Authors: Jacek Makarewicz, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Relative quantification of PIK3CA gene expression level in fine-needle aspiration biopsy thyroid specimens collected from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and non-toxic goitre by real-time RT-PCR

Recent studies have shown that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is important regulator of many cellular events, including apoptosis, proliferation and motility. PI3K pathway alteratio...

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Elżbieta Gałecka and Andrzej Lewiński