Articles

Presentation of points of general discussion and voting among the speakers of the European Thyroid Association-Cancer Research Network (ETA-CRN) meeting in Lisbon, 2009, entitled ”European comments to ATA medullary thyroid cancer guidelines”

The main subjects of discussion, held online within the ETA-CRN board invited 16 expert-panelists are shown. The ad hoc emerged ETA-CRN panel of experts (EPE) first congratulated Professor Kloos and the ATA Ta...

Authors: Barbara Jarząb, Aleksandra Król, Kornelia Hasse-Lazar and Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka

Spectrum of lithium induced thyroid abnormalities: a current perspective

Lithium is an integral drug used in the management of acute mania, unipolar and bipolar depression and prophylaxis of bipolar disorders. Thyroid abnormalities associated with treatment with lithium have been w...

Authors: Davis Kibirige, Kenneth Luzinda and Richard Ssekitoleko

Managing thyroid dysfunction in selected special situations

Managing thyroid dysfunction is simple at first glance, the idea is to bring hormone levels in the euthyroid range, treat with antithyroid drugs, radio-iodine or surgery if toxic and replace with thyroxine or ...

Authors: Durr e Sabih and Mohammad Inayatullah

Case report: rare case of infiltration of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland of female patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL-B/SLL-B)

The article presents a case of 57-year-old woman with the infiltration of rare small lymphocytic B cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland. Initially, the patient was followed-up due to chronic lymphocytic B-cell l...

Authors: Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos, Rafał Becht, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Jakub Pobłocki, Justyna Syrenicz, Barbara Zdziarska, Katarzyna Karpińska-Kaczmarczyk and Anhelli Syrenicz

Role of metallothioneins in benign and malignant thyroid lesions

Recent findings in the past two decades have brought many insights into the biology of thyroid benign and malignant lesions, in particular the papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Although, much progress ...

Authors: Bartosz Pula, Pawel Domoslawski, Marzena Podhorska-Okolow and Piotr Dziegiel

Oxidative damage to macromolecules in the thyroid - experimental evidence

Whereas oxidative reactions occur in all tissues and organs, the thyroid gland constitutes such an organ, in which oxidative processes are indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. It is estimated that huge...

Authors: Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska and Agnieszka Kokoszko-Bilska

High level of oxidized nucleosides in thyroid mitochondrial DNA; damaging effects of Fenton reaction substrates

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lies in close proximity to the free radical-producing electron transport chain, thus, it is highly prone to oxidative damage. Oxyphilic type of follicular thyroid carcinoma consis...

Authors: Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska, Jan Stępniak and Andrzej Lewiński

Evaluation of efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in Poland based on the examination of schoolchildren living in Opoczno Town (Lodz Voivodship)

In 1997 a currently obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on mandatory iodization of household salt with 30 mg KI/kg, was introduced. The aim of our study was to assess the iodine intake among school-a...

Authors: Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Agnieszka Zygmunt, Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska and Andrzej Lewiński

The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase subunits in chronic thyroiditis

The risk of neoplastic transformation in patients with chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – HT) is slightly increased. Genetic background of this observation is still unclear. PI3K isoforms are linke...

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Stanisław Sporny and Andrzej Lewinski

The influence of liver and pancreas surgery on the thyroid function

Nowadays, the increasing number of oncologic patients with liver or pancreatic tumours are subjected to surgical treatment, as it can provide a long-term survival or sometimes cure. As a result, numerous new c...

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Adam Durczynski, Janusz Strzelczyk and Andrzej Lewinski

Prevalence of macroprolactinaemia in regularly menstruating women with non-toxic goitre or autoimmune thyroid disease

The so called “big-big” prolactin (Prl), also known as macroprolactin is formed by Prl-immunoglobulin (Prl-IgG) complexes and may cause elevation of serum Prl concentrations measured by standard assays, potent...

Authors: Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Danuta Gąsior-Perczak, Aldona Kowalska and Andrzej Lewiński

A patient with Graves’ disease showing only psychiatric symptoms and negativity for both TSH receptor autoantibody and thyroid stimulating antibody

Both thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) negative Graves’s disease (GD) is extremely rare. Here we present such a patient.

Authors: Hidetaka Hamasaki, Taro Yoshimi and Hidekatsu Yanai

Distribution of subpopulations of dendritic cells in peripheral blood of patients treated with exogenous thyrotropin

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role as regulators of inflammatory events associated with thyroid pathology. The immunoregulatory function of DCs depends strongly on their subtype, as well as maturation and...

Authors: Mariusz Stasiołek, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Bartosz Puła, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Magdalena Borowiecka, Piotr Dzięgiel and Andrzej Lewiński

Medical hypothesis: can gonadotropins influence thyroid volume in women with PCOS?

It has been reported that luteinizing hormone (LH) had thyropropic effect on rat and human thyroid membrane. It has been known that patients with PCOS have elevated LH levels in comparison to healthy controls.

Authors: Evrim Cakir, Mustafa Sahin, Erman Cakal, Mustafa Ozbek and Tuncay Delibasi

The thyroid gland and the process of aging; what is new?

The endocrine system and particular endocrine organs, including the thyroid, undergo important functional changes during aging. The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age and numerous morphological...

Authors: Adam Gesing, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Safe thyroidectomy with intraoperative methylene blue spraying

We aimed to minimalize operative complications by spraying of methylene blue stain on thyroid glands and the perithyroidal area.

Authors: Serkan Sari, Erhan Aysan, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Yeliz E Ersoy, Huseyin Bektasoglu and Erkan Yardimci

Successful treatment of thyrotoxicosis is accompanied by a decrease in serum sclerostin levels

Sclerostin, a product of a SOST gene, is a protein expressed by osteocytes that inhibits osteoblastic bone formation. Several hormones, including PTH and glucocorticosteroids, have been suggested to be possible r...

Authors: Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Zbigniew Adamczewski and Andrzej Lewiński

Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with elevated cortisol in healthy young men and women

Recent attention has been given to subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevation of TSH (4.5-10 uIU/L) with T4 and T3 levels still within the normal range. Controversy exists about the proper lower limit...

Authors: Kimberly N Walter, Elizabeth J Corwin, Jan Ulbrecht, Laurence M Demers, Jeanette M Bennett, Courtney A Whetzel and Laura Cousino Klein

In contrast to matrix metalloproteinases, serum adiponectin concentrations increase after radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), together with their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), remodel extracellular matrix under physiological and pathological conditions and are implicated in pathogenesis of cardiovascula...

Authors: A Lewiński, A Brona, KC Lewandowski, E Skowrońska-Jóźwiak and A Milewicz

Case report: When measured free T₄ and free T₃ may be misleading. Interference with free thyroid hormones measurements on Roche® and Siemens® platforms

A 59-year old female patient presented with apathy and 6 kg weight gain. Investigations revealed severe primary hypothyroidism (TSH>100 μIU/ml). L-thyroxine (L-T₄) was started and titrated up to 75 μg, once daily...

Authors: Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Katarzyna Dąbrowska and Andrzej Lewiński

Association between genetic mutations and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha

Considerable progress was made by the introduction of interferon to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This treatment, however, is associated with the risk of developing or exacerbating auto...

Authors: Janina Krupińska, Waldemar Urbanowicz, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Grzegorz Kulig, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos and Anhelli Syrenicz

Postoperative use of drain in thyroid lobectomy – a randomized clinical trial conducted at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative sta...

Authors: Zahid Ali Memon, Gulrayz Ahmed, Sarah Rafi Khan, Mahvesh Khalid and Naheed Sultan

Thyroxine and cardiac electrophysiology—a forgotten physiological duo?

Thyroid hormone exerts numerous effects on the cardiovascular system. Hypothyroidism can lead to various electrocardiographic and mechanical changes in the heart and blood vessels.

Authors: James Ker

Decreased thyroid follicle size in dwarf mice may suggest the role of growth hormone signaling in thyroid growth regulation

Altered somatotrophic signaling is among the most important potential mechanisms of extended longevity. Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are homozygous for mutation at the Prop-1 gene, leading to a lack of growth hormo...

Authors: Adam Gesing, Andrzej Bartke, Michal M Masternak, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Cholestatic hepatic injury due to a thyroid storm: a case report from a resource limited setting

Thyroid storm is an endocrinological emergency caused by an exacerbation of the hyperthyroid state and is characterized by multi organ dysfunction. Liver dysfunction or injury predominantly of a cholestatic ty...

Authors: Davis Kibirige, Daniel Sekikubo Kiggundu, Richard Sanya and Edrisa Mutebi

Mediastinal neoplasms in patients with Graves disease: a possible link between sustained hyperthyroidism and thymic neoplasia?

Anterior mediastinal masses are a rare but well documented finding in Graves disease. The vast majority of these lesions represents benign thymic hypertrophy and regress after treatment of the hyperthyroidism....

Authors: Jonathan D Boyd and Ridas Juskevicius

Eye findings and immunological markers in probands and their euthyroid relatives from a single family with multiple cases of thyroid autoimmunity

Ophthalmopathy is a common manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD) occurring in up to 50% of patients. Mild eye signs are also common in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Whilst a genetic predisposition to ...

Authors: Melissa Ardley, Thomas McCorquodale, Hooshang Lahooti, Bernard Champion and Jack R Wall

Phylogenetic analysis of the human thyroglobulin regions

Thyroglobulin is a large protein present in all vertebrates. It is synthesized in the thyrocytes and exported to lumen of the thyroid follicle, where its tyrosine residues are iodinated . The iodinated thyrogl...

Authors: Abdelaziz Belkadi, Caroline Jacques, Frédérique Savagner and Yves Malthièry

Riedel's thyroiditis - a case report with genes' expression studies

Genetic background of Riedel's thyroiditis remains unknown. Herein, we describe our results of studies on genes expression levels in Riedel's thyroiditis.

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Adam Durczyński, Stanisław Sporny, Janusz Strzelczyk and Andrzej Lewiński

Gender-specific regulation of response to thyroid hormone in aging

Similar to other systems, the endocrine system is affected by aging. Thyroid hormone, the action of which is affected by many factors, has been shown to be associated with longevity. The most useful marker for...

Authors: Satoru Suzuki, Shin-ichi Nishio, Teiji Takeda and Mitsuhisa Komatsu

Remission of anorexia nervosa after thyroidectomy: A report of two cases with Graves' disease and anorexia nervosa

We report two patients with anorexia nervosa and Graves' disease who received subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease and concomitantly experienced remission from anorexia nervosa. Both were young women (ag...

Authors: Hitoshi Noguchi, Tsukasa Murakami, Shinya Uchino, Hiroto Yamashita and Shiro Noguchi

Coincidence of remission of postpartum Graves' disease and use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements

I developed Graves' Disease four months postpartum. After one year on propylthiouracil, I learned that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation associated with certain autoimmune disorders, although no inve...

Authors: Sarah J Breese McCoy

Aberrant DNA methylation of drug metabolism and transport genes in nodular goiter

The genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters play an important role in maintaining the normal life processes of human body. Their disorder or defect will lead to the occurrence and development...

Authors: Lihong Zhang, Jing Shi, Li Xu, Bingyin Shi, Peng Hou and Meiju Ji

Assessment of Japanese iodine intake based on seaweed consumption in Japan: A literature-based analysis

Japanese iodine intake from edible seaweeds is amongst the highest in the world. Predicting the type and amount of seaweed the Japanese consume is difficult due to day-to-day meal variation and dietary differe...

Authors: Theodore T Zava and David T Zava

Cytometric evaluation of intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in thyroid follicular cells from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases

In recent few years is underlined that altered balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of AITD.

Authors: Artur Bossowski, Jerzy Harasymczuk, Anna Moniuszko, Anna Bossowska, Maciej Hilczer and Karol Ratomski

Molecules important for thyroid hormone synthesis and action - known facts and future perspectives

Thyroid hormones are of crucial importance for the functioning of nearly every organ. Remarkably, disturbances of thyroid hormone synthesis and function are among the most common endocrine disorders affecting ...

Authors: Klaudia Brix, Dagmar Führer and Heike Biebermann

Molecular description of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism at a neonate caused by a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation

Constitutively activating germline mutations in the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene result in non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism and can be transmitted as a dominant trait or occur sporadically. These mutations a...

Authors: Heike Biebermann, Franziska Winkler, Daniela Handke, Annette Grüters, Heiko Krude and Gunnar Kleinau

Primary and secondary thyroid hormone transporters

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for the development of the human brain, growth and cellular metabolism. Investigation of TH transporters became one of the emerging fields in thyroid research after the disc...

Authors: Anita Kinne, Ralf Schülein and Gerd Krause

Transcriptional regulation by nonclassical action of thyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal development, growth and metabolism. Its effects were thought to be principally mediated through triiodothyronine (T3), acting as a ligand for the nuclear TH recepto...

Authors: Lars C Moeller and Martina Broecker-Preuss

AUF1 and HuR: possible implications of mRNA stability in thyroid function and disorders

RNA-binding proteins may regulate every aspect of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA trafficking, stability and translation of many genes. The dynamic association of these proteins with RNA defi...

Authors: Bogusz Trojanowicz, Henning Dralle and Cuong Hoang-Vu

Insights into molecular properties of the human monocarboxylate transporter 8 by combining functional with structural information

The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and transports specificly iodothyronines. MCT8 mutations are the underlying cause of a syndrome of severe X-linke...

Authors: Gunnar Kleinau, Ulrich Schweizer, Anita Kinne, Josef Köhrle, Annette Grüters, Heiko Krude and Heike Biebermann

Hypothyroidism and mood disorders: integrating novel insights from brain imaging techniques

Thyroid hormones play a critical role in brain development but also in the adult human brain by modulating metabolic activity. Hypothyroid states are associated with both functional and structural brain altera...

Authors: Maximilian Pilhatsch, Michael Marxen, Christine Winter, Michael N Smolka and Michael Bauer

Cathepsin B trafficking in thyroid carcinoma cells

The cysteine peptidase cathepsin B is important in thyroid physiology by being involved in prohormone processing initiated in the follicle lumen and completed in endo-lysosomal compartments. However, cathepsin...

Authors: Sofia Tedelind, Silvia Jordans, Henrike Resemann, Galia Blum, Matthew Bogyo, Dagmar Führer and Klaudia Brix

Pathogenic mechanisms of deregulated microRNA expression in thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system with increasing incidence. The vast majority of thyroid carcinomas derive from thyroid hormone producing follicular cells. Carcinom...

Authors: Juliane Braun and Stefan Hüttelmaier

What is hot in experimental thyroidology?

Authors: Heike Biebermann

Histological subtype is the most important determinant of survival in metastatic papillary thyroid cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) comprises the commonest type of thyroid cancer and carries the highest rate of survival. However, when metastatic disease occurs, survival is significantly affected.

Authors: Alexandra Chrisoulidou, Maria Boudina, Athanasios Tzemailas, Eleni Doumala, Pashalia K Iliadou, Frideriki Patakiouta and Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou

Validity of multiplex biomarker model of 6 genes for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Currently the cytological examination of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies is the standard technique for the pre-operative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, the results may be non-informa...

Authors: Kristine Ducena, Arturs Ābols, Janis Vilmanis, Zenons Narbuts, Juris Tārs, Diana Andrējeva, Aija Linē and Valdis Pīrāgs

Influence of dietary iodine deficiency on the thyroid gland in Slc26a4-null mutant mice

Pendred syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing impairment and variable degree of goitrous enlargement of the thyroid gland with a partial defect in iodine orga...

Authors: Tomoyuki Iwata, Tadao Yoshida, Masaaki Teranishi, Yoshiharu Murata, Yoshitaka Hayashi, Yasuhiko Kanou, Andrew J Griffith and Tsutomu Nakashima

Factors determining the persistence or recurrence of well-differentiated thyroid cancer treated by thyroidectomy and/or radioiodine in the Boston, Massachusetts area: A retrospective chart review

To assess predictors of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) persistence/recurrence.

Authors: Angela M Leung, Shalini Dave, Stephanie L Lee, Francis X Campion, Jeffrey R Garber and Elizabeth N Pearce

Thyroid storm associated with Graves' disease covered by diabetic ketoacidosis: A case report

Thyroid storm is a condition in which multiple organ dysfunction results from failure of the compensatory mechanisms of the body owing to excessive thyroid hormone activity induced by some factors in patients ...

Authors: Erika Osada, Naoki Hiroi, Mariko Sue, Natsumi Masai, Ryo Iga, Rika Shigemitsu, Reiko Oka, Masahiko Miyagi, Kaoru Iso, Koji Kuboki and Gen Yoshino