References
Abalovich M, Amino N, Barbour LA, Cobin RH, De Groot LJ, Glinoer D, et al.: Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007,92(8 Suppl):S1-S47.
The American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum, Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, et al.: Guidelines of the American thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid 2011,21(10):1081–1125. 10.1089/thy.2011.0087
Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Lewiński A, Milewicz A, Radowicki S, Poreba R, Karbownik-Lewińska M, et al.: Management of thyroid diseases during pregnancy. Endokrynol Pol 2011,62(4):362–381.
De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH, et al.: Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012,97(8):2543–2565. 10.1210/jc.2011-2803
Ranzini AC, Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Kung M, Limbachia A, Vintzileos AM: Ultrasonography of the fetal thyroid. Nomograms based on biparietal diameter and gestational age. J Ultrasound Med 2001,20(6):613–617.
Radaelli T, Cetin I, Zamperini P, Ferrazzi E, Pardi G: Intrauterine growth of normal thyroid. Gynecol Endocrinol 2002,16(6):427–430. 10.1080/gye.16.6.427.430
Bernardes LS, Ruano R, Sapienza AD, Maganha CA, Zugaib M: Nomograms of fetal thyroid measurements estimated by 2-dimensional sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 2008,36(4):193–199. 10.1002/jcu.20434
Gietka-Czernel M, Dębska M, Kretowicz P, Debski R, Zgliczyński W: Fetal thyroid in twodimensional ultrasonography: nomograms according to gestational age and biparietal diameter. Europ J Obstet Ginecol Rep Biol 2012,162(2):131–138. 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.02.013
Luton D, Le Gac I, Vuillard E, et al.: Management of Graves’ disease during pregnancy: the key role of fetal thyroid monitoring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005,90(11):6093–6098. 10.1210/jc.2004-2555
Nachum Z, Rakower Y, Weiner E, Shalev E: Graves’ disease in pregnancy: prospective evaluation of a selective invasive treatment protocol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003,189(1):159–165. 10.1067/mob.2003.321
Gietka-Czernel M, Dębska M, Kretowicz P, Zgliczyński W, Ołtarzewski M: Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy - the role of measuring maternal TSH receptor antibodies and foetal ultrasound monitoring. Endokrynol Pol 2014,65(4):259–268. 10.5603/EP.2014.0035
Gietka-Czernel M, Dębska M, Kretowicz P, Jastrzębska H, Zgliczyński W: Increased size and vascularisation, plus decreased echogenicity, of foetal thyroid in two-dimensional ultrasonography caused by maternal Graves' disease. Endokrynol Pol 2014,65(1):64–68. 10.5603/EP.2014.0009
Krassas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D: Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev 2010,31(5):702–755. 10.1210/er.2009-0041