Articles

The risk of malignancy of the thyroid nodule/focal lesion – an assessment by ultrasound, based on our own scoring system

Authors: Zbigniew Adamczewski and Andrzej Lewiński

Maintenance of iodine intake

Authors: Peter PA Smyth, Robert Burns, Michael Casey, Ru Jin Huang, Thorsten Hoffman, Colin O’Dowd, Harald Berresheim and Colm O’Herlihy

The correct interpretation of thyroid FNAB cytological result by the endocrinologist as a basis for further optimal diagnostics and treatment

Authors: Andrzej Lewiński

The assessment of side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) applied in patients with advanced thyroid cancer (TC) - one centre experience

Authors: Jolanta Krajewska, Aleksandra Kukulska, Ewa Paliczka-Cieślik, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Tomasz Gawlik, Tomasz Olczyk, Aleksandra Kropińska, Aleksander Skoczylas, Barbara Michalik and Barbara Jarząb

Picture of thyroid cancer in 2012

Authors: Aldona Kowalska

Thyroid hormones – obesity and metabolic syndrome

Authors: Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz

Endoscopic intranasal orbital decompression in the course of Graves’ orbitopathy

Authors: Antoni Krzeski and Mirosław J Szczepański

Metastasis to the thyroid gland as the first clinical manifestation of lung cancer – case report

Authors: Monika Koziołek, A Sieradzka, E Wentland-Kotwicka, M Machaj, A Makszewska, A Dubińska-Walczak and Anhelli Syrenicz

Effect of triiodothyronine on hyperandrogenism in women

Authors: Gintautas Kazanavicius, I Purtokaite-Labutiniene, D Kozloviene, V Kruminis and E Kreivaitiene

Metabolomics provides new information on the changes occurring in thyroid tumours

Authors: Waldemar Balcerzak, S Deja, P Młynarz, A Ząbek, M Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, M Głód, T Dawiskiba and D Pawełka

The role of somatostatin analogues in treatment of TSH secreting pituitary adenomas

Authors: Wojciech Zgliczyński, Piotr Zdunowski, Izabella Czajka-Oraniec, Wojciech Jeske and Grzegorz Zieliński

The ATA guidelines of thyrotoxicosis

Authors: Roman Junik

Thyroid heterogeneity, as indicated by the CV of ultrasonographic intensities, correlates with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

To prospectively evaluate the heterogeneous appearance of the thyroid gland, reflecting inflammation and destruction in euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), we investigated the clinical utilities of the het...

Authors: Yosuke Wakita, Toshiki Nagasaki, Yuki Nagata, Yasuo Imanishi, Shinsuke Yamada, Koichiro Yoda, Masanori Emoto, Eiji Ishimura and Masaaki Inaba

Iodine-131 induced hepatotoxicity in previously healthy patients with Grave’s disease

To describe the association of the rare and serious complication of liver toxicity in previously healthy Grave’s disease (GD) patients after the treatment with radioactive iodine ¹³¹I (RAI).

Authors: Navina Priya Jhummon, Bhavna Tohooloo and Shen Qu

Presentation of points of general discussion and voting among the speakers of the European Thyroid Association-Cancer Research Network (ETA-CRN) meeting in Lisbon, 2009, entitled ”European comments to ATA medullary thyroid cancer guidelines”

The main subjects of discussion, held online within the ETA-CRN board invited 16 expert-panelists are shown. The ad hoc emerged ETA-CRN panel of experts (EPE) first congratulated Professor Kloos and the ATA Ta...

Authors: Barbara Jarząb, Aleksandra Król, Kornelia Hasse-Lazar and Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka

The optimal range of RET mutations to be tested: European comments to the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association

In the 9^th ETA-CRN Meeting (September 2009, Lisbon) some recommendations from the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) were discussed by an European P...

Authors: Laura Fugazzola, Simone De Leo and Michela Perrino

Calcitonin estimation in patients with nodular goiter and its significance for early detection of MTC: european comments to the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association

One of the most discussed and controversial issue in the management of thyroid nodules is the need to perform a routine measurement of serum Calcitonin (Ct) in all cases. The American Thyroid Association guide...

Authors: Rossella Elisei and Cristina Romei

Treatment of advanced medullary thyroid cancer

Therapy decisions in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma should be guided by a critical appraisal of the natural disease course (slowly progressive vs. aggressive) and benefits and side effects of therapy. Th...

Authors: Johannes Smit

Extent of surgery in clinically evident but operable MTC – when is central and/or lateral lympadenectomy indicated?

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) metastasizes very early lymphogeneously. It has been shown that the presence of lymph node metastases is associated with a worse outcome. Postoperative biochemical cure, i.e. ...

Authors: Oliver Gimm

Clinical comments related to medullary thyroid cancer diagnosis and management

The American Thyroid Association (ATA) and more recently the European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have provided an excellent tool which ...

Authors: Leonidas H Duntas

Serum calcitonin estimation in medullary thyroid cancer: basal or stimulated levels?

Calcitonin (Ct) is a tumour marker essential for the diagnosis and follow-up of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Accurate and consistent measurements of serum Ct are of critical importance. Ct measurements by d...

Authors: Chantal Daumerie, Dominique Maiter and Damien Gruson

Results and summary of voting among the audience during presentation and discussion of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma clinical guidelines prepared by American Thyroid Association

The one-day ETA-CRN meeting, preceding the ETA meeting in Lisbon, was planned in advance to provide a thorough assessment of the European response to the published American Thyroid Association MTC guidelines. ...

Authors: Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen and Folke Soderstrom

Management of hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in MEN2 syndromes in Europe

Hyperparathyroidism occurs in 20-30% of MEN2A syndrome patients. It is usually associated with mild disease and is frequently asymptomatic, especially in younger age. There is genotype/phenotype association an...

Authors: Maria Alevizaki

Timing and criteria for prophylactic thyroidectomy in asymptomatic RET carriers – the role of Ct serum level

Authors summarize in this brief review results of European discussion, held on ETA-CRN Meeting in Lisbon, 2009, on the American Thyroid Association Medullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) Guidelines published in the sa...

Authors: Barbara Jarzab, Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok, Jan Wloch, Agnieszka Czarniecka and Jolanta Krajewska

Postoperative follow up in patients showing no evident residual disease - cut-offs for imaging/ intervention

The European Group generally agrees with the American guidelines on the issue of the indications for additional surgery in patients with recurrence of medullary thyroid cancer. The discussions have been focuse...

Authors: Michele N Minuto and Paolo Miccoli

Introduction to European comments on “Medullary Thyroid Cancer: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association”

Guest Editors of Thyroid Research supplement devoted to medullary thyroid cancer present the history on how the discussion about “Medullary Thyroid Cancer: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Associatio...

Authors: Barbara Jarzab and Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen

Spectrum of lithium induced thyroid abnormalities: a current perspective

Lithium is an integral drug used in the management of acute mania, unipolar and bipolar depression and prophylaxis of bipolar disorders. Thyroid abnormalities associated with treatment with lithium have been w...

Authors: Davis Kibirige, Kenneth Luzinda and Richard Ssekitoleko

Managing thyroid dysfunction in selected special situations

Managing thyroid dysfunction is simple at first glance, the idea is to bring hormone levels in the euthyroid range, treat with antithyroid drugs, radio-iodine or surgery if toxic and replace with thyroxine or ...

Authors: Durr e Sabih and Mohammad Inayatullah

Case report: rare case of infiltration of small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland of female patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL-B/SLL-B)

The article presents a case of 57-year-old woman with the infiltration of rare small lymphocytic B cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland. Initially, the patient was followed-up due to chronic lymphocytic B-cell l...

Authors: Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos, Rafał Becht, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Jakub Pobłocki, Justyna Syrenicz, Barbara Zdziarska, Katarzyna Karpińska-Kaczmarczyk and Anhelli Syrenicz

Role of metallothioneins in benign and malignant thyroid lesions

Recent findings in the past two decades have brought many insights into the biology of thyroid benign and malignant lesions, in particular the papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Although, much progress ...

Authors: Bartosz Pula, Pawel Domoslawski, Marzena Podhorska-Okolow and Piotr Dziegiel

Oxidative damage to macromolecules in the thyroid - experimental evidence

Whereas oxidative reactions occur in all tissues and organs, the thyroid gland constitutes such an organ, in which oxidative processes are indispensable for thyroid hormone synthesis. It is estimated that huge...

Authors: Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska and Agnieszka Kokoszko-Bilska

High level of oxidized nucleosides in thyroid mitochondrial DNA; damaging effects of Fenton reaction substrates

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lies in close proximity to the free radical-producing electron transport chain, thus, it is highly prone to oxidative damage. Oxyphilic type of follicular thyroid carcinoma consis...

Authors: Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska, Jan Stępniak and Andrzej Lewiński

Evaluation of efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in Poland based on the examination of schoolchildren living in Opoczno Town (Lodz Voivodship)

In 1997 a currently obligatory model of iodine prophylaxis, based on mandatory iodization of household salt with 30 mg KI/kg, was introduced. The aim of our study was to assess the iodine intake among school-a...

Authors: Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczyńska, Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Agnieszka Zygmunt, Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska and Andrzej Lewiński

The influence of liver and pancreas surgery on the thyroid function

Nowadays, the increasing number of oncologic patients with liver or pancreatic tumours are subjected to surgical treatment, as it can provide a long-term survival or sometimes cure. As a result, numerous new c...

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Adam Durczynski, Janusz Strzelczyk and Andrzej Lewinski

The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase subunits in chronic thyroiditis

The risk of neoplastic transformation in patients with chronic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – HT) is slightly increased. Genetic background of this observation is still unclear. PI3K isoforms are linke...

Authors: Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Anna Cyniak-Magierska, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Stanisław Sporny and Andrzej Lewinski

Prevalence of macroprolactinaemia in regularly menstruating women with non-toxic goitre or autoimmune thyroid disease

The so called “big-big” prolactin (Prl), also known as macroprolactin is formed by Prl-immunoglobulin (Prl-IgG) complexes and may cause elevation of serum Prl concentrations measured by standard assays, potent...

Authors: Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Danuta Gąsior-Perczak, Aldona Kowalska and Andrzej Lewiński

A patient with Graves’ disease showing only psychiatric symptoms and negativity for both TSH receptor autoantibody and thyroid stimulating antibody

Both thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) negative Graves’s disease (GD) is extremely rare. Here we present such a patient.

Authors: Hidetaka Hamasaki, Taro Yoshimi and Hidekatsu Yanai

Distribution of subpopulations of dendritic cells in peripheral blood of patients treated with exogenous thyrotropin

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role as regulators of inflammatory events associated with thyroid pathology. The immunoregulatory function of DCs depends strongly on their subtype, as well as maturation and...

Authors: Mariusz Stasiołek, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Bartosz Puła, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Magdalena Borowiecka, Piotr Dzięgiel and Andrzej Lewiński

Medical hypothesis: can gonadotropins influence thyroid volume in women with PCOS?

It has been reported that luteinizing hormone (LH) had thyropropic effect on rat and human thyroid membrane. It has been known that patients with PCOS have elevated LH levels in comparison to healthy controls.

Authors: Evrim Cakir, Mustafa Sahin, Erman Cakal, Mustafa Ozbek and Tuncay Delibasi

The thyroid gland and the process of aging; what is new?

The endocrine system and particular endocrine organs, including the thyroid, undergo important functional changes during aging. The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age and numerous morphological...

Authors: Adam Gesing, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Safe thyroidectomy with intraoperative methylene blue spraying

We aimed to minimalize operative complications by spraying of methylene blue stain on thyroid glands and the perithyroidal area.

Authors: Serkan Sari, Erhan Aysan, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Yeliz E Ersoy, Huseyin Bektasoglu and Erkan Yardimci

Successful treatment of thyrotoxicosis is accompanied by a decrease in serum sclerostin levels

Sclerostin, a product of a SOST gene, is a protein expressed by osteocytes that inhibits osteoblastic bone formation. Several hormones, including PTH and glucocorticosteroids, have been suggested to be possible r...

Authors: Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak, Kinga Krawczyk-Rusiecka, Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Zbigniew Adamczewski and Andrzej Lewiński

Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with elevated cortisol in healthy young men and women

Recent attention has been given to subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevation of TSH (4.5-10 uIU/L) with T4 and T3 levels still within the normal range. Controversy exists about the proper lower limit...

Authors: Kimberly N Walter, Elizabeth J Corwin, Jan Ulbrecht, Laurence M Demers, Jeanette M Bennett, Courtney A Whetzel and Laura Cousino Klein

Case report: When measured free T₄ and free T₃ may be misleading. Interference with free thyroid hormones measurements on Roche® and Siemens® platforms

A 59-year old female patient presented with apathy and 6 kg weight gain. Investigations revealed severe primary hypothyroidism (TSH>100 μIU/ml). L-thyroxine (L-T₄) was started and titrated up to 75 μg, once daily...

Authors: Krzysztof C Lewandowski, Katarzyna Dąbrowska and Andrzej Lewiński

In contrast to matrix metalloproteinases, serum adiponectin concentrations increase after radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), together with their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), remodel extracellular matrix under physiological and pathological conditions and are implicated in pathogenesis of cardiovascula...

Authors: A Lewiński, A Brona, KC Lewandowski, E Skowrońska-Jóźwiak and A Milewicz

Association between genetic mutations and the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha

Considerable progress was made by the introduction of interferon to the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. This treatment, however, is associated with the risk of developing or exacerbating auto...

Authors: Janina Krupińska, Waldemar Urbanowicz, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Grzegorz Kulig, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Elżbieta Andrysiak-Mamos and Anhelli Syrenicz

Postoperative use of drain in thyroid lobectomy – a randomized clinical trial conducted at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative sta...

Authors: Zahid Ali Memon, Gulrayz Ahmed, Sarah Rafi Khan, Mahvesh Khalid and Naheed Sultan

Thyroxine and cardiac electrophysiology—a forgotten physiological duo?

Thyroid hormone exerts numerous effects on the cardiovascular system. Hypothyroidism can lead to various electrocardiographic and mechanical changes in the heart and blood vessels.

Authors: James Ker

Decreased thyroid follicle size in dwarf mice may suggest the role of growth hormone signaling in thyroid growth regulation

Altered somatotrophic signaling is among the most important potential mechanisms of extended longevity. Ames dwarf (df/df) mice are homozygous for mutation at the Prop-1 gene, leading to a lack of growth hormo...

Authors: Adam Gesing, Andrzej Bartke, Michal M Masternak, Andrzej Lewiński and Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska

Cholestatic hepatic injury due to a thyroid storm: a case report from a resource limited setting

Thyroid storm is an endocrinological emergency caused by an exacerbation of the hyperthyroid state and is characterized by multi organ dysfunction. Liver dysfunction or injury predominantly of a cholestatic ty...

Authors: Davis Kibirige, Daniel Sekikubo Kiggundu, Richard Sanya and Edrisa Mutebi